USP36 CD(81-461) [GST-tagged]

Ubiquigent

Catalog No: UBI-64-0006-050

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Species Reactivity: human  
Source: E.coli  
Formula: 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 150 mM sodium chloride, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 10% glycerol  
Concentration: 0.5 mg/ml  
Molecular Weight: ~69 kDa  
Protein Sequence: Accession number: AAH27992.1. For full protein sequence information download the Certificate of Analysis pdf.  
Quality Control Protein Identification: Confirmed by mass spectrometry.  
Quality Control Activity: Deubiquitylase Enzyme Assay: The activity of GST-USP36 was validated by determining the increase in fluorescence measured as a result of the enzyme catalysed cleavage of the fluorogenic substrate Ubiquitin-Rhodamine110-Glycine generating Ubiquitin and Rhodamine110-Glycine. Incubation of the substrate in the presence or absence of GST-USP36 was compared confirming the deubiquitylating activity of GST-USP36.  

Background

Deconjugating enzymes (DCEs) are proteases that process ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like gene products, reverse the modification of proteins by a single ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) and remodel polyubiquitin (or poly-UBL) chains on target proteins (Reyes-Turcu et al., 2009). The deubiquitylating – or deubiquitinating – enzymes (DUBs) represent the largest family of DCEs and regulate ubiquitin-dependent signalling pathways. The activities of DUBs include the generation of free ubiquitin from precursor molecules, the recycling of ubiquitin following substrate degradation to maintain cellular ubiquitin homeostasis and the removal of ubiquitin modifications through chain editing to rescue proteins from proteasomal degradation or to influence cell signaling events (Komander et al., 2009). There are two main classes of DUB; cysteine proteases and metalloproteases. Ubiquitin specific protease 36 (USP36) is a member of the cysteine protease enzyme family and cloning of the human gene was first described by Nagase et al. (2000). USP36 is primarily localized to the nucleoli, is required to maintain normal nucleolar structure and is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and testis. Nucleophosmin and fibrillarin are two nucleolar proteins that have been shown to undergo ubiquitylation, and are substrates for USP36. The deubiquitylating activity of USP36 controls transcriptional regulation and ribosome biogenesis in response to the changes in environmental conditions (Endo et al., 2009). USP36 is also known to deubiquitylate histone H2B and functions in gene silencing which is a common mechanism within stem cells in order to repress the premature expression of key differentiation genes, including Notch target genes (Buszczak et al., 2009). USP36 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells, and may act as an oncogene by suppressing differentiation (Li et al., 2008)

References:

Buszczak M, Paterno S, Spradling AC (2009) Drosophila stem cells share a common requirement for the histone H2B ubiquitin protease scrawny. Science 323, 248-251.

Endo A, Matsumoto M, Inada T, Yamamoto A, Nakayama KI, Kitamura N, Komada M (2009) Nucleolar structure and function are regulated by the deubiquitylating enzyme USP36. J Cell Sci 122, 678-686.

Komander D, Clague MJ, Urbe S (2009) Breaking the chains: structure and function of the deubiquitinases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10, 550-563.

Li J, Olson LM, Zhang Z, Li L, Bidder M, Nguyen L, Pfeifer J, Rader JS (2008) Differential display identifies overexpression of the USP36 gene, encoding a deubiquitinating enzyme, in ovarian cancer. Int J Med Sci 5, 133-142.

Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ishikawa K, Hirosawa M, Ohara O (2000) Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res 7, 143-150.

Reyes-Turcu FE, Ventii KH, Wilkinson KD (2009) Regulation and cellular roles of ubiquitin-specific deubiquitinating enzymes. Ann Rev Biochem 78, 363-397.