Catalog numbers beginning with "CAC" represent antibodies from our exclusive Cosmo Bio Antibody Collection. Visit the CAC Antibody Dashboard to browse the CAC antibody list, organized by research topic.
Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD)-specific mAb TDM-2 was cloned by fusing mouse myeloma cells with splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with methylated BSA conjugated with UVC-irradiated calf thymus DNA. TDM-2 binds CPDs in denatured DNA from all organisms from bacteria to human and is validated for ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence.
Background
DNA damage in cells exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays significant roles in cell-cycle arrest, activation of DNA repair, cell killing, mutation, and neoplastic transformation. The major types of DNA damage induced by UVB (280-315 nm, component of sunlight) and by UVC (200-280 nm) are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PPs), which are formed between adjacent pyrimidine nucleotides on the same strand of DNA. Approximately 70-80% of UV-induced DNA damage is CPDs and the remainder is 6-4PPs and Dewar isomers of 6-4PPs. In normal human cells, these types of DNA lesions are repaired by the nucleotide excision repair system.
(19) have established monoclonal antibodies specific for CPDs and 6-4PPs. These antibodies enable quantitation of photoproducts in DNA purified from cultured cells or from the skin epidermis by ELISA and to visualize and measure photoproducts in DNA in cultured cells or the skin by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). This technology will contribute to studies of molecular mechanisms of cellular responses to UV and DNA damage in many research fields including cancer research, photobiology, dermatology, ophthalmology, immunology, and cosmetology.
Reactivity
- CPDs in single-stranded DNA
- CPDs formed in every dipyrimidine sequence (TT, TC, CT and CC)
- CPDs formed in oligonucleotides consisting of more than eight bases
Applications
- Immunocytochemistry 1:1500
- ELISA 1:1000
Source
The CPD-specific hybridoma (clone TDM-2) was established by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with methylated BSA conjugated with UVC-irradiated calf thymus DNA. Hybridoma culture supernatant was collected and precipitated with ice-cold ammonium sulfate. After centrifugation, the pellet, dissolved in small volume of double-distilled water, was dialyzed against PBS and lyophilized.
Formulation
- Lyophilate to be reconstituted in 100 ml of distilled water
- Contains no preservative
Storage
- Lyophilized form -20°C
- Reconstituted form -20°C
- Stable for at least 1 year; aliquot to avoid freezing and thawing
Documents & Links for Anti-Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers (CPDs) mAb (Clone TDM-2) | |
Datasheet | Anti CPDs mAb (Clone TDM-2) Datasheet |
Documents & Links for Anti-Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers (CPDs) mAb (Clone TDM-2) | |
Datasheet | Anti CPDs mAb (Clone TDM-2) Datasheet |
Citations for Anti-Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers (CPDs) mAb (Clone TDM-2) – 49 Found |
Jarrett, Stuart G; Wolf Horrell, Erin M; D'Orazio, John A. AKAP12 mediates PKA-induced phosphorylation of ATR to enhance nucleotide excision repair. Nucleic Acids Research. 2016;44(22):10711-10726. PubMed |
Han, Chunhua; Srivastava, Amit Kumar; Cui, Tiantian; Wang, Qi-En; Wani, Altaf A. Differential DNA lesion formation and repair in heterochromatin and euchromatin. Carcinogenesis. 2016;37(2):129-38. PubMed |
Iwabuchi, Kosei; Hidema, Jun; Tamura, Kentaro; Takagi, Shingo; Hara-Nishimura, Ikuko. Plant Nuclei Move to Escape Ultraviolet-Induced DNA Damage and Cell Death. Plant Physiology. 2016;170(2):678-85. PubMed |
Falcone Ferreyra, María Lorena; Casadevall, Romina; D'Andrea, Lucio; AbdElgawad, Hamada; Beemster, Gerrit T S; Casati, Paula. AtPDCD5 Plays a Role in Programmed Cell Death after UV-B Exposure in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology. 2016;170(4):2444-60. PubMed |
Gracheva, Ekaterina; Chitale, Shalaka; Wilhelm, Thomas; Rapp, Alexander; Byrne, Jonathan; Stadler, Jens; Medina, Rebeca; Cardoso, M Cristina; Richly, Holger. ZRF1 mediates remodeling of E3 ligases at DNA lesion sites during nucleotide excision repair. The Journal Of Cell Biology. 2016;213(2):185-200. PubMed |
Canturk, Fazile; Karaman, Muhammet; Selby, Christopher P; Kemp, Michael G; Kulaksiz-Erkmen, Gulnihal; Hu, Jinchuan; Li, Wentao; Lindsey-Boltz, Laura A; Sancar, Aziz. Nucleotide excision repair by dual incisions in plants. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America. 2016;113(17):4706-10. PubMed |
Schuch, André P; Lipinski, Victor M; Santos, Mauricio B; Santos, Caroline P; Jardim, Sinara S; Cechin, Sonia Z; Loreto, Elgion L S. Molecular and sensory mechanisms to mitigate sunlight-induced DNA damage in treefrog tadpoles. The Journal Of Experimental Biology. 2015;218(Pt 19):3059-67. PubMed |
Lario, Luciana Daniela; Botta, Pablo; Casati, Paula; Spampinato, Claudia Patricia. Role of AtMSH7 in UV-B-induced DNA damage recognition and recombination. Journal Of Experimental Botany. 2015;66(11):3019-26. PubMed |
Weems, Juston C; Slaughter, Brian D; Unruh, Jay R; Hall, Shawn M; McLaird, Merry B; Gilmore, Joshua M; Washburn, Michael P; Florens, Laurence; Yasukawa, Takashi; Aso, Teijiro; Conaway, Joan W; Conaway, Ronald C. Assembly of the Elongin A Ubiquitin Ligase Is Regulated by Genotoxic and Other Stresses. The Journal Of Biological Chemistry. 2015;290(24):15030-41. PubMed |
Matsumoto, Syota; Fischer, Eric S; Yasuda, Takeshi; Dohmae, Naoshi; Iwai, Shigenori; Mori, Toshio; Nishi, Ryotaro; Yoshino, Ken-ichi; Sakai, Wataru; Hanaoka, Fumio; Thomä, Nicolas H; Sugasawa, Kaoru. Functional regulation of the DNA damage-recognition factor DDB2 by ubiquitination and interaction with xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein. Nucleic Acids Research. 2015;43(3):1700-13. PubMed |
Harberts, Erin; Zhou, Hua; Fishelevich, Rita; Liu, Juan; Gaspari, Anthony A. Ultraviolet radiation signaling through TLR4/MyD88 constrains DNA repair and plays a role in cutaneous immunosuppression. Journal Of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 2015;194(7):3127-35. PubMed |
Lario, Luciana Daniela; Botta, Pablo; Casati, Paula; Spampinato, Claudia Patricia. Role of AtMSH7 in UV-B-induced DNA damage recognition and recombination. Journal Of Experimental Botany. 2015;66(11):3019-26. PubMed |
Peacock, Matthew; Brem, Reto; Macpherson, Peter; Karran, Peter. DNA repair inhibition by UVA photoactivated fluoroquinolones and vemurafenib. Nucleic Acids Research. 2014;42(22):13714-22. PubMed |
Hill, Sarah J; Clark, Allison P; Silver, Daniel P; Livingston, David M. BRCA1 pathway function in basal-like breast cancer cells. Molecular And Cellular Biology. 2014;34(20):3828-42. PubMed |
Kim, Hyungjin; Dejsuphong, Donniphat; Adelmant, Guillaume; Ceccaldi, Raphael; Yang, Kailin; Marto, Jarrod A; D'Andrea, Alan D. Transcriptional repressor ZBTB1 promotes chromatin remodeling and translesion DNA synthesis. Molecular Cell. 2014;54(1):107-118. PubMed |
Liu, Hannah; Tuchinda, Papapit; Fishelevich, Rita; Harberts, Erin; Gaspari, Anthony A. Human in vitro skin organ culture as a model system for evaluating DNA repair. Journal Of Dermatological Science. 2014;74(3):236-41. PubMed |
Wolters, Stefanie; Ermolaeva, Maria A; Bickel, Jeremy S; Fingerhut, Jaclyn M; Khanikar, Jayshree; Chan, Raymond C; Schumacher, Björn. Loss of Caenorhabditis elegans BRCA1 promotes genome stability during replication in smc-5 mutants. Genetics. 2014;196(4):985-99. PubMed |
Lee, Ming-Hsiang; Wang, Liya; Chang, Zee-Fen. The contribution of mitochondrial thymidylate synthesis in preventing the nuclear genome stress. Nucleic Acids Research. 2014;42(8):4972-84. PubMed |
Biswas, Anup Kumar; Mitchell, David L; Johnson, David G. E2F1 responds to ultraviolet radiation by directly stimulating DNA repair and suppressing carcinogenesis. Cancer Research. 2014;74(12):3369-77. PubMed |
Suzuki, Keiji; Yamauchi, Motohiro; Oka, Yasuyoshi; Suzuki, Masatoshi; Yamashita, Shunichi. A novel and simple micro-irradiation technique for creating localized DNA double-strand breaks. Nucleic Acids Research. 2010;38(12):e129. PubMed |
Honda, Ayumi; Abe, Riichiro; Yoshihisa, Yoko; Makino, Teruhiko; Matsunaga, Kenji; Nishihira, Jun; Shimizu, Hiroshi; Shimizu, Tadamichi. Deficient deletion of apoptotic cells by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) overexpression accelerates photocarcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 2009;30(9):1597-605. PubMed |
Reef, Ruth; Dunn, Simon; Levy, Oren; Dove, Sophie; Shemesh, Eli; Brickner, Itzchak; Leggat, William; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove. Photoreactivation is the main repair pathway for UV-induced DNA damage in coral planulae. The Journal Of Experimental Biology. 2009;212(17):2760-6. PubMed |
Despras, Emmanuelle; Daboussi, Fayza; Hyrien, Olivier; Marheineke, Kathrin; Kannouche, Patricia L. ATR/Chk1 pathway is essential for resumption of DNA synthesis and cell survival in UV-irradiated XP variant cells. Human Molecular Genetics. 2010;19(9):1690-701. PubMed |
Cherubini, Gioia; Naim, Valeria; Caruso, Paola; Burla, Romina; Bogliolo, Massimo; Cundari, Enrico; Benihoud, Karim; Saggio, Isabella; Rosselli, Filippo. The FANC pathway is activated by adenovirus infection and promotes viral replication-dependent recombination. Nucleic Acids Research. 2011;39(13):5459-73. PubMed |
Lario, Luciana D; Ramirez-Parra, Elena; Gutierrez, Crisanto; Casati, Paula; Spampinato, Claudia P. Regulation of plant MSH2 and MSH6 genes in the UV-B-induced DNA damage response. Journal Of Experimental Botany. 2011;62(8):2925-37. PubMed |
Wong, Ronald P C; Lin, Hanyang; Khosravi, Shahram; Piche, Brad; Jafarnejad, Seyed Mehdi; Chen, David W C; Li, Gang. Tumour suppressor ING1b maintains genomic stability upon replication stress. Nucleic Acids Research. 2011;39(9):3632-42. PubMed |
Ishii, Takashi; Shiomi, Yasushi; Takami, Toshihiro; Murakami, Yusuke; Ohnishi, Naho; Nishitani, Hideo. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen-dependent rapid recruitment of Cdt1 and CRL4Cdt2 at DNA-damaged sites after UV irradiation in HeLa cells. The Journal Of Biological Chemistry. 2010;285(53):41993-2000. PubMed |
Ming, Mei; Shea, Christopher R; Guo, Xiumei; Li, Xiaoling; Soltani, Keyoumars; Han, Weinong; He, Yu-Ying. Regulation of global genome nucleotide excision repair by SIRT1 through xeroderma pigmentosum C. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America. 2010;107(52):22623-8. PubMed |
Han, Weinong; Ming, Mei; He, Yu-Ying. Caffeine promotes ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes without complete DNA repair. The Journal Of Biological Chemistry. 2011;286(26):22825-32. PubMed |
Filip, Adriana; Daicoviciu, Doina; Clichici, Simona; Bolfa, Pompei; Catoi, Cornel; Baldea, Ioana; Bolojan, Laura; Olteanu, Diana; Muresan, Adriana; Postescu, I D. The effects of grape seeds polyphenols on SKH-1 mice skin irradiated with multiple doses of UV-B. Journal Of Photochemistry And Photobiology. B, Biology. 2011;105(2):133-42. PubMed |
Wölfle, Ute; Esser, Philipp R; Simon-Haarhaus, Birgit; Martin, Stefan F; Lademann, Jürgen; Schempp, Christoph M. UVB-induced DNA damage, generation of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are effectively attenuated by the flavonoid luteolin in vitro and in vivo. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 2011;50(9):1081-93. PubMed |
Kraft, Stephanie; Obst, Ursula; Schwartz, Thomas. Immunological detection of UV induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and (6-4) photoproducts in DNA from reference bacteria and natural aquatic populations. Journal Of Microbiological Methods. 2011;84(3):435-41. PubMed |
Fan, Wei; Luo, Jianyuan. SIRT1 regulates UV-induced DNA repair through deacetylating XPA. Molecular Cell. 2010;39(2):247-58. PubMed |
Huang, Zhi-ming; Chinen, Milka; Chang, Philip J; Xie, Tong; Zhong, Lily; Demetriou, Stephanie; Patel, Mira P; Scherzer, Rebecca; Sviderskaya, Elena V; Bennett, Dorothy C; Millhauser, Glenn L; Oh, Dennis H; Cleaver, James E; Wei, Maria L. Targeting protein-trafficking pathways alters melanoma treatment sensitivity. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America. 2012;109(2):553-8. PubMed |
Campi, Mabel; D'Andrea, Lucio; Emiliani, Julia; Casati, Paula. Participation of chromatin-remodeling proteins in the repair of ultraviolet-B-damaged DNA. Plant Physiology. 2012;158(2):981-95. PubMed |
Choi, Jun-Hyuk; Gaddameedhi, Shobhan; Kim, So-Young; Hu, Jinchuan; Kemp, Michael G; Sancar, Aziz. Highly specific and sensitive method for measuring nucleotide excision repair kinetics of ultraviolet photoproducts in human cells. Nucleic Acids Research. 2014;42(4):e29. PubMed |
Kuschal, Christiane; DiGiovanna, John J; Khan, Sikandar G; Gatti, Richard A; Kraemer, Kenneth H. Repair of UV photolesions in xeroderma pigmentosum group C cells induced by translational readthrough of premature termination codons. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America. 2013;110(48):19483-8. PubMed |
Lv, Lingna; Wang, Fengli; Ma, Xiaolu; Yang, Yeran; Wang, Zhifeng; Liu, Hongmei; Li, Xiaoling; Liu, Zhenbo; Zhang, Ting; Huang, Min; Friedberg, Errol C; Tang, Tie-Shan; Guo, Caixia. Mismatch repair protein MSH2 regulates translesion DNA synthesis following exposure of cells to UV radiation. Nucleic Acids Research. 2013;41(22):10312-22. PubMed |
Zavala, Anamaria G; Morris, Robert T; Wyrick, John J; Smerdon, Michael J. High-resolution characterization of CPD hotspot formation in human fibroblasts. Nucleic Acids Research. 2014;42(2):893-905. PubMed |
Lee, Ming-Hsiang; Wang, Liya; Chang, Zee-Fen. The contribution of mitochondrial thymidylate synthesis in preventing the nuclear genome stress. Nucleic Acids Research. 2014;42(8):4972-84. PubMed |
Fina, Julieta P; Casati, Paula. HAG3, a Histone Acetyltransferase, Affects UV-B Responses by Negatively Regulating the Expression of DNA Repair Enzymes and Sunscreen Content in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant & Cell Physiology. 2015;56(7):1388-400. PubMed |
Li, Wentao; Liu, Wenjie; Kakoki, Ayano; Wang, Rujin; Adebali, Ogun; Jiang, Yuchao; Sancar, Aziz. Nucleotide excision repair capacity increases during differentiation of human embryonic carcinoma cells into neurons and muscle cells. The Journal Of Biological Chemistry. 2019;294(15):5914-5922. PubMed |
Fidrus, Eszter; Ujhelyi, Zoltán; Fehér, Pálma; Hegedűs, Csaba; Janka, Eszter Anna; Paragh, György; Vasas, Gábos; Bácskay, Ildikó; Remenyik, Éva. Silymarin: Friend or Foe of UV Exposed Keratinocytes?. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2019;24(9) PubMed |
Piao, Mei Jing; Kang, Kyoung Ah; Zhen, Ao Xuan; Kang, Hee Kyoung; Koh, Young Sang; Kim, Bong Seok; Hyun, Jin Won. Horse Oil Mitigates Oxidative Damage to Human HaCaT Keratinocytes Caused by Ultraviolet B Irradiation. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences. 2019;20(6) PubMed |
Dubey, Divya; Srivastav, Ajeet K; Singh, Jyoti; Chopra, Deepti; Qureshi, Saba; Kushwaha, Hari Narayan; Singh, Nivedita; Ray, Ratan Singh. Photoexcited triclosan induced DNA damage and oxidative stress via p38 MAP kinase signaling involving type I radicals under sunlight/UVB exposure. Ecotoxicology And Environmental Safety. 2019;174( 30844667):270-282. PubMed |
Yang, Hee Woong; Kim, Hag Dong; Kim, Joon. The DNA repair domain of human rpS3 protects against photoaging by removing cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Febs Letters. 2019;593(15):2060-2068. PubMed |
Ulbing, Cynthia K S; Muuse, Julia M; Miner, Brooks E. Melanism protects alpine zooplankton from DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 2019;286(1914):20192075. PubMed |
Xu, Yingying; Wu, Zhenzhen; Liu, Lingyun; Liu, Jiena; Wang, Yuming. Rat Model of Cockayne Syndrome Neurological Disease. Cell Reports. 2019;29(4):800-809.e5. PubMed |
Zhu, Yongchang; Zhang, Xiping; Gao, Meng; Huang, Yanchao; Tan, Yuanqing; Parnas, Avital; Wu, Sizhong; Zhan, Delin; Adar, Sheera; Hu, Jinchuan. Coordination of transcription-coupled repair and repair-independent release of lesion-stalled RNA polymerase II. Nature Communications. 2024;15(1):7089. PubMed |