Catalog numbers beginning with "CAC" are antibodies from our exclusive Cosmo Bio Antibody Collection. Visit the CAC Antibody homepage to browse the collection list, organized by research topic.
Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD)-specific mAb TDM-2 was cloned by fusing mouse myeloma cells with splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with methylated BSA conjugated with UVC-irradiated calf thymus DNA. TDM-2 binds CPDs in denatured DNA from all organisms from bacteria to human and is validated for ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence.
Background
DNA damage in cells exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays significant roles in cell-cycle arrest, activation of DNA repair, cell killing, mutation, and neoplastic transformation. The major types of DNA damage induced by UVB (280-315 nm, component of sunlight) and by UVC (200-280 nm) are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PPs), which are formed between adjacent pyrimidine nucleotides on the same strand of DNA. Approximately 70-80% of UV-induced DNA damage is CPDs and the remainder is 6-4PPs and Dewar isomers of 6-4PPs. In normal human cells, these types of DNA lesions are repaired by the nucleotide excision repair system.
(19) have established monoclonal antibodies specific for CPDs and 6-4PPs. These antibodies enable quantitation of photoproducts in DNA purified from cultured cells or from the skin epidermis by ELISA and to visualize and measure photoproducts in DNA in cultured cells or the skin by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). This technology will contribute to studies of molecular mechanisms of cellular responses to UV and DNA damage in many research fields including cancer research, photobiology, dermatology, ophthalmology, immunology, and cosmetology.
Reactivity
- CPDs in single-stranded DNA
- CPDs formed in every dipyrimidine sequence (TT, TC, CT and CC)
- CPDs formed in oligonucleotides consisting of more than eight bases
Applications
- Immunocytochemistry 1:1500
- ELISA 1:1000
Source
The CPD-specific hybridoma (clone TDM-2) was established by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with methylated BSA conjugated with UVC-irradiated calf thymus DNA. Hybridoma culture supernatant was collected and precipitated with ice-cold ammonium sulfate. After centrifugation, the pellet, dissolved in small volume of double-distilled water, was dialyzed against PBS and lyophilized.
Formulation
- Lyophilate to be reconstituted in 100 ml of distilled water
- Contains no preservative
Storage
- Lyophilized form -20°C
- Reconstituted form -20°C
- Stable for at least 1 year; aliquot to avoid freezing and thawing
| Documents & Links for Anti-Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers (CPDs) mAb (Clone TDM-2) | |
| Datasheet | Anti CPDs mAb (Clone TDM-2) Datasheet |
| Documents & Links for Anti-Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers (CPDs) mAb (Clone TDM-2) | |
| Datasheet | Anti CPDs mAb (Clone TDM-2) Datasheet |
| Citations for Anti-Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers (CPDs) mAb (Clone TDM-2) – 48 Found |
| AKAP12 mediates PKA-induced phosphorylation of ATR to enhance nucleotide excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016 Dec 15;44(22):10711-10726. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw871. Epub 2016 Sep 28. PubMed |
| Differential DNA lesion formation and repair in heterochromatin and euchromatin. Carcinogenesis. 2016 Feb;37(2):129-38. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgv247. Epub 2015 Dec 30. PubMed |
| Plant Nuclei Move to Escape Ultraviolet-Induced DNA Damage and Cell Death. Plant Physiol. 2016 Feb;170(2):678-85. doi: 10.1104/pp.15.01400. Epub 2015 Dec 17. PubMed |
| AtPDCD5 Plays a Role in Programmed Cell Death after UV-B Exposure in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2016 Apr;170(4):2444-60. doi: 10.1104/pp.16.00033. Epub 2016 Feb 16. PubMed |
| ZRF1 mediates remodeling of E3 ligases at DNA lesion sites during nucleotide excision repair. J Cell Biol. 2016 Apr 25;213(2):185-200. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201506099. Epub 2016 Apr 18. PubMed |
| Nucleotide excision repair by dual incisions in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Apr 26;113(17):4706-10. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1604097113. Epub 2016 Apr 11. PubMed |
| Molecular and sensory mechanisms to mitigate sunlight-induced DNA damage in treefrog tadpoles. J Exp Biol. 2015 Oct;218(Pt 19):3059-67. doi: 10.1242/jeb.126672. PubMed |
| Role of AtMSH7 in UV-B-induced DNA damage recognition and recombination. J Exp Bot. 2015 Jun;66(11):3019-26. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eru464. Epub 2014 Dec 1. PubMed |
| Assembly of the Elongin A Ubiquitin Ligase Is Regulated by Genotoxic and Other Stresses. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jun 12;290(24):15030-41. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.632794. Epub 2015 Apr 15. PubMed |
| Functional regulation of the DNA damage-recognition factor DDB2 by ubiquitination and interaction with xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Feb 18;43(3):1700-13. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv038. Epub 2015 Jan 27. PubMed |
| Ultraviolet radiation signaling through TLR4/MyD88 constrains DNA repair and plays a role in cutaneous immunosuppression. J Immunol. 2015 Apr 1;194(7):3127-35. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402583. Epub 2015 Feb 25. PubMed |
| Role of AtMSH7 in UV-B-induced DNA damage recognition and recombination. J Exp Bot. 2015 Jun;66(11):3019-26. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eru464. Epub 2014 Dec 1. PubMed |
| DNA repair inhibition by UVA photoactivated fluoroquinolones and vemurafenib. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Dec 16;42(22):13714-22. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku1213. Epub 2014 Nov 20. PubMed |
| BRCA1 pathway function in basal-like breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Oct;34(20):3828-42. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01646-13. Epub 2014 Aug 4. PubMed |
| Transcriptional repressor ZBTB1 promotes chromatin remodeling and translesion DNA synthesis. Mol Cell. 2014 Apr 10;54(1):107-118. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.02.017. Epub 2014 Mar 20. PubMed |
| Human in vitro skin organ culture as a model system for evaluating DNA repair. J Dermatol Sci. 2014 Jun;74(3):236-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.02.003. Epub 2014 Feb 16. PubMed |
| Loss of Caenorhabditis elegans BRCA1 promotes genome stability during replication in smc-5 mutants. Genetics. 2014 Apr;196(4):985-99. doi: 10.1534/genetics.113.158295. Epub 2014 Jan 14. PubMed |
| The contribution of mitochondrial thymidylate synthesis in preventing the nuclear genome stress. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Apr;42(8):4972-84. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku152. Epub 2014 Feb 21. PubMed |
| E2F1 responds to ultraviolet radiation by directly stimulating DNA repair and suppressing carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 2014 Jun 15;74(12):3369-77. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3216. Epub 2014 Apr 16. PubMed |
| A novel and simple micro-irradiation technique for creating localized DNA double-strand breaks. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jul;38(12):e129. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq226. Epub 2010 Apr 12. PubMed |
| Deficient deletion of apoptotic cells by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) overexpression accelerates photocarcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 2009 Sep;30(9):1597-605. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgp160. Epub 2009 Jul 7. PubMed |
| Photoreactivation is the main repair pathway for UV-induced DNA damage in coral planulae. J Exp Biol. 2009 Sep 1;212(17):2760-6. doi: 10.1242/jeb.031286. PubMed |
| ATR/Chk1 pathway is essential for resumption of DNA synthesis and cell survival in UV-irradiated XP variant cells. Hum Mol Genet. 2010 May 1;19(9):1690-701. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddq046. Epub 2010 Feb 1. PubMed |
| The FANC pathway is activated by adenovirus infection and promotes viral replication-dependent recombination. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jul;39(13):5459-73. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr084. Epub 2011 Mar 17. PubMed |
| Regulation of plant MSH2 and MSH6 genes in the UV-B-induced DNA damage response. J Exp Bot. 2011 May;62(8):2925-37. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err001. Epub 2011 Feb 9. PubMed |
| Tumour suppressor ING1b maintains genomic stability upon replication stress. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 May;39(9):3632-42. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq1337. Epub 2011 Jan 11. PubMed |
| Proliferating cell nuclear antigen-dependent rapid recruitment of Cdt1 and CRL4Cdt2 at DNA-damaged sites after UV irradiation in HeLa cells. J Biol Chem. 2010 Dec 31;285(53):41993-2000. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.161661. Epub 2010 Oct 7. PubMed |
| Regulation of global genome nucleotide excision repair by SIRT1 through xeroderma pigmentosum C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Dec 28;107(52):22623-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010377108. Epub 2010 Dec 13. PubMed |
| Caffeine promotes ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes without complete DNA repair. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 1;286(26):22825-32. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.222349. Epub 2011 May 11. PubMed |
| The effects of grape seeds polyphenols on SKH-1 mice skin irradiated with multiple doses of UV-B. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2011 Nov 3;105(2):133-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.08.002. Epub 2011 Aug 26. PubMed |
| UVB-induced DNA damage, generation of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are effectively attenuated by the flavonoid luteolin in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 May 1;50(9):1081-93. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.027. Epub 2011 Jan 31. PubMed |
| Immunological detection of UV induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and (6-4) photoproducts in DNA from reference bacteria and natural aquatic populations. J Microbiol Methods. 2011 Mar;84(3):435-41. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.01.004. Epub 2011 Jan 21. PubMed |
| SIRT1 regulates UV-induced DNA repair through deacetylating XPA. Mol Cell. 2010 Jul 30;39(2):247-58. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.07.006. PubMed |
| Targeting protein-trafficking pathways alters melanoma treatment sensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jan 10;109(2):553-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1118366109. Epub 2011 Dec 27. PubMed |
| Participation of chromatin-remodeling proteins in the repair of ultraviolet-B-damaged DNA. Plant Physiol. 2012 Feb;158(2):981-95. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.191452. Epub 2011 Dec 14. PubMed |
| Highly specific and sensitive method for measuring nucleotide excision repair kinetics of ultraviolet photoproducts in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Feb;42(4):e29. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt1179. Epub 2013 Nov 22. PubMed |
| Repair of UV photolesions in xeroderma pigmentosum group C cells induced by translational readthrough of premature termination codons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 26;110(48):19483-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1312088110. Epub 2013 Nov 11. PubMed |
| Mismatch repair protein MSH2 regulates translesion DNA synthesis following exposure of cells to UV radiation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Dec;41(22):10312-22. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt793. Epub 2013 Sep 12. PubMed |
| High-resolution characterization of CPD hotspot formation in human fibroblasts. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan;42(2):893-905. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt912. Epub 2013 Oct 16. PubMed |
| The contribution of mitochondrial thymidylate synthesis in preventing the nuclear genome stress. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Apr;42(8):4972-84. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku152. Epub 2014 Feb 21. PubMed |
| HAG3, a Histone Acetyltransferase, Affects UV-B Responses by Negatively Regulating the Expression of DNA Repair Enzymes and Sunscreen Content in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol. 2015 Jul;56(7):1388-400. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcv054. Epub 2015 Apr 22. PubMed |
| Nucleotide excision repair capacity increases during differentiation of human embryonic carcinoma cells into neurons and muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 2019 Apr 12;294(15):5914-5922. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.007861. Epub 2019 Feb 26. PubMed |
| Silymarin: Friend or Foe of UV Exposed Keratinocytes? Molecules. 2019 Apr 26;24(9):1652. doi: 10.3390/molecules24091652. PubMed |
| Horse Oil Mitigates Oxidative Damage to Human HaCaT Keratinocytes Caused by Ultraviolet B Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar 25;20(6):1490. doi: 10.3390/ijms20061490. PubMed |
| Photoexcited triclosan induced DNA damage and oxidative stress via p38 MAP kinase signaling involving type I radicals under sunlight/UVB exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Jun 15;174:270-282. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.065. Epub 2019 Mar 4. PubMed |
| The DNA repair domain of human rpS3 protects against photoaging by removing cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. FEBS Lett. 2019 Aug;593(15):2060-2068. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.13479. Epub 2019 Jun 17. PubMed |
| Melanism protects alpine zooplankton from DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. Proc Biol Sci. 2019 Nov 6;286(1914):20192075. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2075. Epub 2019 Nov 6. PubMed |
| Rat Model of Cockayne Syndrome Neurological Disease. Cell Rep. 2019 Oct 22;29(4):800-809.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.028. PubMed |
