Anti 6-4 Photoproducts (6-4PPs) mAb (Clone 64M-2)

Cosmo Bio LTD

Catalog No: CAC-NM-DND-002

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Catalog numbers beginning with "CAC" are antibodies from our exclusive Cosmo Bio Antibody Collection. Visit the CAC Antibody homepage to browse the collection list, organized by research topic.

Application: ICC, ELISA, WB, IP, IHC, FC 
Clonality: Monoclonal 
Host: Mouse 
Purification: Ammonium Sulfate 
Reactivity: All 

Background

Prolonged exposure to solar UV radiation may result in harmful acute and chronic effects to the skin (including skin cancers), eye, and immune system. These harmful effects appear to be closely related to UV-induced DNA damage. Indeed, UV-induced DNA damage plays significant roles in cell-cycle arrest, activation of DNA repair, cell killing, mutation, and neoplastic transformation. The major types of DNA damage induced by solar UV radiation are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), (6–4) photoproducts (6-4PPs), and Dewar valence isomers of 6-4PPs (Dewar photoproducts; DewarPPs) formed between adjacent pyrimidine nucleotides on the same DNA strand. Approximately 70-80% of UV-induced DNA damage is CPDs and the remaining is 6-4PPs and Dewar isomers of 6-4PPs. DewarPPs are produced by the photoisomerization of 6-4PPs by UV radiation around 325 nm. In normal human cells these types of DNA lesions are repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER).

To better study molecular events surrounding UV-induced DNA damage and repair, Mori et al. previously developed and characterized monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for CPDs and mAb specific for 6-4PPs (1) while Matsunaga et al. developed and characterized mAb specific for DewarPPs (2). Three of these antibodies (CPDs: clone TDM-2; 6-4PPs: clone 64M-2; DewarPPs: clone DEM-1) continue to be cited frequently in the literature, often for use in ELISA.

This High Sensitivity (6-4)photoproducts (6-4PPs) ELISA Kit is the only commercially available ELISA utilizing anti- 6-4PPs clone 64M-2 and has been optimized for high sensitivity detection of 6-4PPs in DNA purified from cultured cells or from skin epidermis. This ELISA detects 6-4PPs from dipyrimidines in all DNA sequence contexts (i.e., TT, TC, CT and CC). Thus, the availability and convenience of this ELISA Kit will contribute to further understanding molecular mechanisms involved in cellular responses to UV radiation and DNA damage with applications across many research fields including cancer research, photobiology, dermatology, ophthalmology, immunology, and cosmetics science.

References

1) Yamamoto, A., et al., DNA Repair, 6, 649-657 (2007).
2) Matsumoto, M., et al., J. Cell Sci., 120, 1104-1112 (2007).
3) Yasuda, G., et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 27, 6606-6614 (2007).
4) Sugasawa, K., et al., Cell 121, 387-400 (2005).
5) Nishiwaki, Y., et al., J. Invest. Dermatol. 122, 526-532 (2004).
6) Imoto, K., et al., J. Invest. Dermatol. 119, 1177-7782 (2002).
7) Wakasugi, M., et al., J. Biol. Chem., 277, 1637-1640 (2002).
8) Kobayashi, N., et al., Pigment Cell Res. 14, 94-102 (2001).
9) Katsumi, S., et al., J. Invest. Dermatol. 117, 1156-1161 (2001).
10) Otoshi, E., et al., Cancer Res. 60, 1729-1735 (2000).
11) Nakagawa, A., et al., J. Invest. Dermatol. 110, 143-148 (1998).
12) Kobayashi, N., et al., J. Invest. Dermatol. 110, 806-810 (1998).
13) Komatsu, Y., et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 3889-3894 (1997).
14) Nakane, H., et al., Nature 377, 165-168 (1995).
15) Todo, T., et al., Nature 361, 371-374 (1993).
16) Kobayashi, N., et al., J. Invest. Dermatol. 101, 685-689 (1993).
17) Potten, C.S., et al., Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 63, 313-324 (1993).
18) Matsunaga, T., et al., Photochem. Photobiol. 54, 403-410 (1991).
19) Mori, T., et al., Photochem. Photobiol. 54, 225-232 (1991).

More than 200 papers using TDM-2 and 64M-2 antibodies have been published so far.

Citations for Anti 6-4 Photoproducts (6-4PPs) mAb (Clone 64M-2) – 32 Found

Differential DNA lesion formation and repair in heterochromatin and euchromatin.
Carcinogenesis. 2016 Feb;37(2):129-38. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgv247. Epub 2015 Dec 30. 

ATR Kinase Inhibition Protects Non-cycling Cells from the Lethal Effects of DNA Damage and Transcription Stress.
J Biol Chem. 2016 Apr 22;291(17):9330-42. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.719740. Epub 2016 Mar 3. 

Nucleotide excision repair by dual incisions in plants.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Apr 26;113(17):4706-10. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1604097113. Epub 2016 Apr 11. 

Stabilization of Ultraviolet (UV)-stimulated Scaffold Protein A by Interaction with Ubiquitin-specific Peptidase 7 Is Essential for Transcription-coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair.
J Biol Chem. 2016 Jun 24;291(26):13771-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.724658. Epub 2016 Apr 28. 

An Integrated Approach for Analysis of the DNA Damage Response in Mammalian Cells: NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR, DNA DAMAGE CHECKPOINT, AND APOPTOSIS.
J Biol Chem. 2015 Nov 27;290(48):28812-21. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.690354. Epub 2015 Oct 5. 

Molecular and sensory mechanisms to mitigate sunlight-induced DNA damage in treefrog tadpoles.
J Exp Biol. 2015 Oct;218(Pt 19):3059-67. doi: 10.1242/jeb.126672. 

Genome-wide analysis of human global and transcription-coupled excision repair of UV damage at single-nucleotide resolution.
Genes Dev. 2015 May 1;29(9):948-60. doi: 10.1101/gad.261271.115. 

Functional regulation of the DNA damage-recognition factor DDB2 by ubiquitination and interaction with xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Feb 18;43(3):1700-13. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv038. Epub 2015 Jan 27. 

DNA repair inhibition by UVA photoactivated fluoroquinolones and vemurafenib.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Dec 16;42(22):13714-22. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku1213. Epub 2014 Nov 20. 

DNA repair synthesis and ligation affect the processing of excised oligonucleotides generated by human nucleotide excision repair.
J Biol Chem. 2014 Sep 19;289(38):26574-26583. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.597088. Epub 2014 Aug 8. 

The contribution of mitochondrial thymidylate synthesis in preventing the nuclear genome stress.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Apr;42(8):4972-84. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku152. Epub 2014 Feb 21. 

E2F1 responds to ultraviolet radiation by directly stimulating DNA repair and suppressing carcinogenesis.
Cancer Res. 2014 Jun 15;74(12):3369-77. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3216. Epub 2014 Apr 16. 

SIRT1 regulates UV-induced DNA repair through deacetylating XPA.
Mol Cell. 2010 Jul 30;39(2):247-58. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.07.006. 

Regulation of global genome nucleotide excision repair by SIRT1 through xeroderma pigmentosum C.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Dec 28;107(52):22623-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010377108. Epub 2010 Dec 13. 

Nucleotide excision repair by mutant xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) proteins with deficiency in interaction with RPA.
J Biol Chem. 2011 Feb 18;286(7):5476-83. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.172916. Epub 2010 Dec 9. 

Replication protein A safeguards genome integrity by controlling NER incision events.
J Cell Biol. 2011 Feb 7;192(3):401-15. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201006011. Epub 2011 Jan 31. 

Immunological detection of UV induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and (6-4) photoproducts in DNA from reference bacteria and natural aquatic populations.
J Microbiol Methods. 2011 Mar;84(3):435-41. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.01.004. Epub 2011 Jan 21. 

Regulation of nucleotide excision repair activity by transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of the XPA protein.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Apr;39(8):3176-87. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq1318. Epub 2010 Dec 30. 

USP1 deubiquitinase maintains phosphorylated CHK1 by limiting its DDB1-dependent degradation.
Hum Mol Genet. 2011 Jun 1;20(11):2171-81. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddr103. Epub 2011 Mar 9. 

Caffeine promotes ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes without complete DNA repair.
J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 1;286(26):22825-32. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.222349. Epub 2011 May 11. 

Differential contribution of XPC, RAD23A, RAD23B and CENTRIN 2 to the UV-response in human cells.
DNA Repair (Amst). 2011 Aug 15;10(8):835-47. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.05.003. Epub 2011 Jun 14. 

Trabectedin and its C subunit modified analogue PM01183 attenuate nucleotide excision repair and show activity toward platinum-resistant cells.
Mol Cancer Ther. 2011 Aug;10(8):1481-9. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0252. Epub 2011 May 27. 

Control of skin cancer by the circadian rhythm.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Nov 15;108(46):18790-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1115249108. Epub 2011 Oct 24. 

Metastasis suppressor NM23-H1 promotes repair of UV-induced DNA damage and suppresses UV-induced melanomagenesis.
Cancer Res. 2012 Jan 1;72(1):133-43. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1795. Epub 2011 Nov 11. 

Nucleotide excision repair in human cells: fate of the excised oligonucleotide carrying DNA damage in vivo.
J Biol Chem. 2013 Jul 19;288(29):20918-20926. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.482257. Epub 2013 Jun 8. 

Highly specific and sensitive method for measuring nucleotide excision repair kinetics of ultraviolet photoproducts in human cells.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Feb;42(4):e29. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt1179. Epub 2013 Nov 22. 

Repair of UV photolesions in xeroderma pigmentosum group C cells induced by translational readthrough of premature termination codons.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 26;110(48):19483-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1312088110. Epub 2013 Nov 11. 

UV damage in DNA promotes nucleosome unwrapping.
J Biol Chem. 2010 Aug 20;285(34):26295-303. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.140087. Epub 2010 Jun 19. 

Replication factor C recruits DNA polymerase delta to sites of nucleotide excision repair but is not required for PCNA recruitment.
Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Oct;30(20):4828-39. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00285-10. Epub 2010 Aug 16. 

Nucleotide excision repair capacity increases during differentiation of human embryonic carcinoma cells into neurons and muscle cells.
J Biol Chem. 2019 Apr 12;294(15):5914-5922. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.007861. Epub 2019 Feb 26. 

Measuring UV Photoproduct Repair in Isolated Telomeres and Bulk Genomic DNA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1999:295-306. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9500-4_20. 

Formaldehyde inhibits UV-induced phosphorylation of histone H2AX.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2019 Dec;61:104687. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104687. Epub 2019 Oct 12. 

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