Oxidative Stress



Potential Anti Oxidant (PAO) Kit

  • Test kit for Total Antioxidant Capacity.
Background
Oxidative stress plays on important role in various diseases and aging. The control of oxidative stress is expected to be useful to prevent diseases and aging. Oxidative stress is caused by the imbalance between reactive oxygen species(ROS) and antioxidant defense system. For accurate assessment of oxidative stress, measurement of ROS, oxidative damage and antioxidant activity may be essential. PAO can detect not only hydrophilic antioxidants such as Vitamin C, glutathione, butalso can detect hydrophobic antioxidants such as Vitamin E. Applicable for assessment of total antioxidants of serum, foods and beverage samples.

References
  •  Effetcts of the daily administration of a rehydrating supplement to trotter horses A Falaschini, G Marangoni, S Rizzi and MF Trombetta J Equine Sci 16(1),p1-9 (2005)
  •  Straface E. et al,;  Oxidative imbalance and cathepsin D changes as peripheral blood biomarkers of Alzheimer disease: a pilot study. FEBS Lett. 2005 May 23;579(13):2759-66. Epub 2005 Apr 19. PMID: 15907478
  •  Vassalle C. et al,;  Oxidative stress and its association with coronary artery disease and different atherogenic risk factors. J Intern Med. 2004 Oct;256(4):308-15. PMID: 15367173
  •  Pregel P. et al,;  Antioxidant capacity as a reliable marker of stress in dairy calves transported by road. Vet Rec. 2005 Jan 8;156(2):53-4. PMID: 15675527
  •  Calo LA. et al,;  Vitamin E-coated dialyzers reduce oxidative stress related proteins and markers in hemodialysis--a molecular biological approach. Clin Nephrol. 2004 Nov;62(5):355-61. PMID: 15571180
  •  Calo LA. et al,;  Oxidative stress-related factors in Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes: relevance for angiotensin II signalling. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Aug;18(8):1518-25. PMID: 12897089
  •  Calo LA. et al,;  Effect of epoetin on HO-1 mRNA level and plasma antioxidants in hemodialysis patients. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 May;41(5):187-92. PMID: 12776808
  •  de Martino M. et al,;  Restored antioxidant capacity parallels the immunologic and virologic improvement in children with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Immunol. 2001 Jul;100(1):82-6. PMID: 11414748
Product Name Catalog Number
Potential Anti Oxidant (PAO) Kit pAb NNS-KPA-050E-EX

Dityrosine (DT) ELISA kit

Tyrosine is one of the major targets of protein oxidation, and until today various tyrosine derivatives such as nitrotyrosine, dityrosine and halogenated tyrosine depending on the type of free radicals. DT is a tyrosine dimer derived from tyrosyl radicals which is formed by reactive oxygen species (ROS), metal-catalyzed oxidation, ultraviolet irradiation, and peroxidases. DT have been found in atherosclerotic lesions, and lipofuscin of pyramidal neurons of aged human brains. Dityrosine is one of the specific biomarkers for protein oxidation.
Recently, dityrosine is reported to exist also in urine samples. It is expected that DT may be a novel protein oxdation marker, which is non-invasively detectable. DT ELISA kit is designed for quantitative measurement of DT especially in urine samples

Samples:Urine
Specifity:Specific to dityrosine (tyrosine dimer)
Measuring range:0.05 - 12 micro mol/LMeasuring:450 nm
Format:96 wellsAssay time:Overnight and 2 hours
Storage:2 - 8 °C. Don't freeze.
Expiration:12 months (printed on outer box).

ReferencesKato Y, Wu X, Naito M, Nomura H, Kitamoto N, Osawa T.
Immunochemical detection of protein dityrosine in atherosclerotic lesion of apo-E-deficient mice using a novel monoclonal antibody. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 275(1), p11-15 (2000). 
PMID: 10944432
Product Name Catalog Number
Dityrosine (DT) ELISA kit NNS-KDT-010E-EX

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Hexanoyl-Lys (HEL) ELISA kit

  • HEL may be a useful biomarker for initial stage of lipid peroxidation.Monoclonal antibodies. This HEL ELISA kit can be applied to urine, serum and cultured cells form human and animal.
  •  Oxidative damage of lipids caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in some diseases, lesion of cell functions and aging. Aldehydessuch as malondi-aldehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) have been reported as one of the advanced lipid peroxidation products. But recently in the earlier stage of lipid peroxidation, 13-hydroperoxyoctadecanoic acid (13-HPODE) is found to be covalently bound to proteins1). Hexanoyl-Lysine adduct (HEL) is a novel lipid hydroperoxide-modified lysine residues. HEL is formed by oxidative modification by oxidized omega-6 fatty acids such as linoleic acid or arachidonic acid. HEL may be a useful biomarker for initial stage of lipid peroxidation.Monoclonal antibodies and ELISA kit have been developped, and HEL can be detected in oxidatively modified LDL, in human atherosclerotic lesions, human urine and serum. It is also reported that HELis formed in rat muscle during exercise, and the formation is prohibited by antioxidants such as flavonoids.

    HEL is formed by the reaction of linoleic acid hydroperoxide and Lysine, and a biomarker for oxidative stress. HEL ELISA kit is a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitative measurement of hexanoyl-Lys adduct. This kit is based on the monoclonal antibody clone 5H4, which is specific for HEL. Suitable for urine, serum and other biological samples.

  • References
  •  Kato Y. et al., Formation of Nepsilon-(hexanonyl)lysine in protein exposed to lipid hydroperoxide. A plausible marker for lipid hydroperoxide-derived protein modification. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jul 16;274(29):20406-14. PMID: 10400665
  •  Kato Y. et al., Preparation of a monoclonal antibody to N(epsilon)-(Hexanonyl)lysine: application to the evaluation of protective effects of flavonoid supplementation against exercise-induced oxidative stress in rat skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Aug 2;274(2):389-93. PMID: 10913348
  •  Ryo K. et al, Possible involvement of oxidative stress in salivary gland of patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Pathobiology. 2006;73(5):252-60. PMID: 17314496
  •  Suzuki T. et al, Effect of prophylactically administered edaravone during antegrade cerebral perfusion in a canine model of old cerebral infarction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007 Mar;133(3):710-6. PMID: 17320569
  •  Shimizu K. et al, Increased serum levels of N(epsilon)-(hexanoyl)lysine, a new marker of oxidative stress, in systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2008 Nov;35(11):2214-9. Epub 2008 Sep 1. PMID: 18785309
  •  Tamura H. et al, Oxidative stress impairs oocyte quality and melatonin protects oocytes from free radical damage and improves fertilization rate. J Pineal Res. 2008 Apr;44(3):280-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2007.00524.x. PMID: 18339123
  •  Sakamoto Y. et al, The assessment of oxidative stress in infertile patients with varicocele. BJU Int. 2008 Jun;101(12):1547-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.07517.x. Epub 2008 Feb 21. PMID: 18294306
  •  Kageyama Y. et al, Etanercept reduces the oxidative stress marker levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2008 Jan;28(3):245-51. Epub 2007 Jul 28. PMID: 17661050
  •  Rummenie VT. et al, Tear cytokine and ocular surface alterations following brief passive cigarette smoke exposure. Cytokine. 2008 Aug;43(2):200-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.05.011. Epub 2008 Jul 3. PMID: 18602273
  •  Sakai K. et al, Determination of HEL (Hexanoyl-lysine adduct): a novel biomarker for omega-6 PUFA oxidation. Subcell Biochem. 2014;77:61-72. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-7920-4_5. PMID: 24374918
Product Name Catalog Number
Hexanoyl-Lys (HEL) ELISA kit NNS-KHL-700E-EX

8-OHdG Check ELISA Kit

  • "8-OHdG Check" is a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitative measurement of the oxidative DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in DNA of tissue, urine, serum.

characteristic features 

1. Easy operation: No requirement of expensive equipments and sample pretreatment.
2. High sensitivity: Monoclonal antibodies recognize 8-OHdG specifically (21 analogues of 8-OHdG do not have any cross reactivity).
3. Fast: Estimated time of assay is 3.5 to 4 hours.
4. Sample capacity of one kit with a blank and standard is 18 for triplicate samples. Only 150l of sample is required (50l per well).
5. Split type microplates prevents excessive use of test samples.

Advantages 

The "8-OHdG Check"is useful as a non-invasive indicator in various fields as follows. In a primary evaluation of individual life style; in general, to learn whether individual antioxidant system are controlling excess active oxygen generated inside body properly and whether the oxidative stress is restrained within manageable limits, so that whether individual life style is in a state to prevent from diseases and to aging to enjoy the individual maximum life span.

2 In assessing the effect of antioxidant substance (food) in vivo.
3 In evaluating how much oxidative stress is generated by exercises performed or specific activities to which body is subjected to.
4 In studying the correlation between disease and oxidative stress.
5 In determining the side effect of oxidative stress following a specific clinical treatment procedure or pharmaceutical dose of medicine.
* Such techniques as HPLC-EC and LC-MS/MS which, by the nature of their procedure, measure only free form of 8-OHdG in biological samples, and can not detect 8-OHdG contained with in oligomers or 8-OHdG derivatives such as 8-OHdG holding SO3- or Glucuronic acid. ELISA technique is preferable to detect over all oxidative stress level in side body. (Referred by M.S.Cooke etc. Free Radical Research. 36(9), pp929-932 (2002)
Kit Contents
1. Microtiter plate coated with 8-OHdG (split type)
2. Primary antibody (Anti-8-OHdG monoclonal antibody)
3. Primary antibody solution
4. Secondary antibody (POD-conjugated anti mouse antibody)
5. Secondary antibody solution
6. Chromatic solution (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine)
7. Substrate solution
8. Washing solution
9. Reaction terminating solution
10. Standard 8-OHdG solution (0.5, 2, 8, 20, 80, 200 ng/ml)
11. Plate seal
Assay Procedure
1. Primary Antibody Reaction (Competitive Reaction): 37°C for 1 hour
2. Secondary Antibody Reaction: 37°C for 1 hour
3. Development of Color Reaction: Room Temperature for 15 min in the dark
4. Absorbance Reading (wavelength at 450 nm) and Calculation of Results
Product Name Catalog Number
8-OHdG Check ELISA Kit NNS-KOG-200SE-EX